Mark Shaffer Essays - Education, Critical Pedagogy, Multiculturalism

Mark Shaffer James Banks James Banks believes that there should be more multicultural education taught in schools. Education about ethnic diversity treats cultural pluralism within a nation-state by studying different traits from different groups, which determine one group from another. He believes that a major goal of education in a free society is acceptance of cultural pluralism as a national strength and not an obstacle. Individuals of various minority groups may maintain their ethnic identities while sharing a common culture with Americans from many different ethnic backgrounds. (http://ericae.net/edo/ED273539.htm) A suggestion made on how to incorporate more multicultural issues is that social studies education should build consensus on core civic values important to all Americans. These include the rule of law, representative and limited government, and civil liberties, including toleration of the respect of the rights of individuals and ethnic minority groups. Banks believes that educators who recognize and respect their students' ethnic identities should also prepare them to assume common obligations and responsibilities of citizenship which involve shared civic values embodied in basic documents of the American heritage. Although students and teachers may participate variously within different microcultures, they also come together within the American mainstream culture, especially the civic culture. (http://ericae.net/edo/ED273539.htm) James Banks has four basic levels to what he thinks will reform the curriculum. Level 1 is called the contribution approach. This is when the Heroes, heroines, holidays, foods, and discrete cultural elements are celebrated occasionally. (See the chart) This is the level I think most schools are at now. Level 2 is called the additive approach. This is where things are added to the curriculum without the structure changing. Level 3 is called the transformation approach. This approach says, the structure of the curriculum is changed to enable students to view concepts, issues, events, and themes from the perspectives of the diverse ethnic and cultural groups. (See the chart) Finally, the 4th level is called the action approach. This is when the students are encouraged to take action to help solve important personal, social, and civic problems. (See the chart) It would not be a hard thing to incorporate diversity issues into a physical education class. Every sport or dance or activity had to originate from somewhere. So what I would do is give each child a sport or activity to do a project on. Each child would get a different activity that came from a different place. The child would then teach the class about his or her activity and where it originated. This activity, I think, would best fit into Banks level three. The structure of the class would change and the students would learn things that are taught nowhere else in the school. References 1. The chart 2. http://ericae.net/edo/ED273539.htm Bibliography References 1. The chart 2. http://ericae.net/edo/ED273539.htm

Fire Ants essays

Fire Ants essays In the sunny state of Florida, you cant go anywhere without finding fire ants. They pop up inside as well as out, forming giant mounds, invading homes and even cars. Every Floridian knows what they look like; the full grown adults are reddish to dark brown. The male of the species can be either a minor worker (about 1/8 inch long), a major worker (about 1/4 inch long), or a winged ant. The females are each about 1/3 of an inch long, except the queen who can grow much larger. Fire ant mounds vary in size, usually in proportion to the size of the colony. For example, a mound that is 2 feet in diameter and 18 inches high may contain about 100,000 workers, several hundred winged adults, and one queen. When the mound of an active colony is broken open, you can see whitish rice grain-like larvae and pupae as well as the hundreds of displaced workers scurrying around. These immature ants will eventually develop into workers or winged adults. Mounds constructed in clay soils are usually symm etrical and dome-shaped; mounds built in sandy soils tend to be irregularly shaped. Now, one would think that, given the plethora fire ants in Florida, that they were a native creature. However, Solenopsis Invicta (as they are scientifically named) is actually an exotic species that have their origins in Brazil. They are expected to have traveled to the US in ship ballast water (as are many exotic species), and were first spotted in Mobile, Alabama in the mid-1930s. By the end of 1939, it had infested 9 counties in Alabama and 3 in Mississippi. Over the last 76 years, fire ants (which thrive on sunshine and dug-up soil) are now found in every Florida county, have spread to over nine southern states, and over 275 million acres within the United States. Man-assisted movement is probably responsible for large-scale "jumps" in ant infestations. Fire ants also travel by means of swarming, walking or floating, though this occurs in small increments ...

The Voyager Mission

The Voyager Mission In 1979, two tiny spacecraft were launched on one-way missions of planetary discovery. They were the twin  Voyager spacecraft, predecessors to the  Cassini spacecraft at Saturn, the Juno mission at Jupiter, and the New Horizons mission to Pluto and beyond. They were preceded in gas giant space by the Pioneers 10 and 11. The Voyagers, which are still transmitting data back to Earth as they leave the solar system, each  carry an array of cameras and instruments designed to  record magnetic, atmospheric, and other data about the planets and their moons, and to send images and data for further study back on Earth.   Voyagers Trips Voyager 1 is speeding along at about 57,600 kph (35,790 mph), which is  fast enough to travel from Earth to the Sun three and a half times in one year. Voyager 2 is   Both spacecraft  carry a gold record greeting to the universe  containing sounds and images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth. The two-spacecraft Voyager missions were designed to replace original plans for a Grand Tour of the planets that would have used four complex spacecraft to explore the five outer planets during the late 1970s. NASA canceled the plan in 1972 and instead proposed to send two spacecraft to Jupiter and Saturn in 1977. They were  designed to explore the two gas giants in more detail than the two Pioneers (Pioneers 10 and 11) that preceded them. The Voyager Design and Trajectory The original design of the two spacecraft was based on that of the older Mariners (such as Mariner 4, which went to Mars). Power was provided by three plutonium oxide radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) mounted at the end of a boom. Voyager 1 was launched after Voyager 2, but because of a faster route, it exited the Asteroid Belt earlier than its twin. Both spacecraft got gravitational assists at each planet they passed, which aligned them for their next targets.   Voyager 1 began its Jovian imaging mission in April 1978 at a range of 265 million kilometers from the planet; images sent back by January the following year indicated that Jupiters atmosphere was more turbulent than during the Pioneer flybys in 1973 and 1974. Voyager Studies Jupiters Moons On February 10, 1979, the spacecraft crossed into the Jovian moon system, and in early March, it had already discovered a thin (less than 30 kilometers thick) ring circling Jupiter. Flying past Amalthea, Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto (in that order) on March 5th, Voyager 1 returned spectacular photos of these worlds. The more interesting find was on Io, where images showed a bizarre yellow, orange and brown world with a least eight active volcanoes spewing material into space, making it one of the most (if not the most) geologically active planetary bodies in the solar system. The spacecraft also discovered two new moons, Thebe and Metis. Voyager 1s closest encounter with Jupiter was at 12:05 UT on March 5, 1979, at a range of 280,000 kilometers. On to Saturn Following the Jupiter encounter, Voyager 1 completed a single course correction on April 89 1979, in preparation for its rendezvous with Saturn. The second correction on October 10, 1979, ensured that the spacecraft would not hit Saturns moon Titan. Its flyby of the Saturn system in November 1979 was as spectacular as its previous encounter. Exploring Saturns Icy Moons Voyager 1 found five new moons and a ring system consisting of thousands of bands, discovered a new ring (the G  Ring), and found shepherding satellites on either side of the F-ring satellites that keep the rings well defined. During its flyby, the spacecraft photographed Saturns moons Titan, Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, and Rhea. Based on incoming data, all the moons appeared to be largely composed of water ice. Perhaps the most interesting target was Titan, which Voyager 1 passed at 05:41 UT on  November 12th at a range of 4,000 kilometers. Images showed a thick atmosphere that completely hid the surface. The spacecraft found that the moons atmosphere was composed of 90 percent nitrogen. Pressure and temperature at the surface were 1.6 atmospheres and -180 ° C, respectively. Voyager 1s closest approach to Saturn was at 23:45 UT on November 12,  1980, at a range of 124,000 kilometers. Voyager 2 followed up with visits to Jupiter in 1979, Saturn in 1981, Uranus in 1986, and Neptune in 1986. Like its sister ship, it investigated planetary atmospheres, magnetospheres, gravitational fields, and climates, and discovered fascinating facts about the moons of all the planets. Voyager 2 also was the first to visit all four gas giant planets. Outward Bound Because of the specific requirements for  the Titan flyby, the spacecraft was not directed to Uranus and Neptune. Instead,  following the encounter with Saturn, Voyager 1 headed on a trajectory out of the solar system at a speed of 3.5 AU per year. It is on a course 35 ° out of the ecliptic plane to the north, in the general direction of the Suns motion relative to nearby stars. It is now in interstellar space, having passed through the  heliopause boundary, the outer limit of the Suns magnetic field, and the outward flow of the solar wind. Its the first spacecraft from Earth to travel into interstellar space. On February 17, 1998, Voyager 1  became the most distant human-made object in existence when it surpassed Pioneer 10s range from Earth. In mid-2016, the  Voyager 1  was more than  20 billion kilometers from Earth (135 times the Sun-Earth distance) and continuing to move away, while maintaining a tenuous radio link with Earth. Its power supply should last through 2025, allowing the transmitter to keep sending back information about the interstellar environment. Voyager 2 is on a trajectory headed out toward the star Ross 248, which it will encounter in about 40,000 years, and pass by Sirius in just under 300,000 years. It will keep transmitting as long as it has power, which may also be until the year 2025.   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

School Voucher System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

School Voucher System - Research Paper Example Let us look at a graphical interpretation: Now, the initial equilibrium of education lies at the point S1 where the cost of education comes to $3000. Now, for this example we will suppose that the subsidy that will be provided, assuming that it is portable which would ensure that the sorting of schools in the city would not remain an endogenous variable in this matrix, will move the budget line from MN to M'N'. Therefore, with the voucher system the increase in education from S1 to S2 will cost around $200, an amount which will be covered by the subsidy that is provided by the government via this voucher system as the new equilibrium is now at S2. Due to the portability factor of the voucher i.e. the voucher can be used anywhere in the city, the link between the quality of the education that is provided to children and the location of the public school ceases to exist as families do not have to relocate to the urban city centers now in order to ascertain better levels of education for their children. Therefore, the role of u rban housing markets takes greater importance in the decline of cities with the implementation of this policy as the decision to move to an urban housing area does not remain dependent on the level of education provided by the schools in the suburbs. We will now look at an economic model which will shed some light on the role urban housing markets play in the decline for cities: As we can see from the graph, the supply curve of housing is defined from the equilibrium point determined at quantity Q1. This price is the minimum price level that can lead to housing construction which implies that if prices were to fall below the premium then no new housing would be built. Therefore, urban housing markets provide the greater supply in relation to the increased demand for housing due to which the equilibrium shifts to D1. This leads to the greater decline of cities as people move towards the suburban areas created by these urban housing markets. Final Remark: Moving on to the practical side of this discussion i.e. the expected impact of the voucher system on the decline of cities it is clearly evident from the fact that the quality of education plays a significant role in determining where people choose to reside and the voucher system provides an incentive to people which basically eliminates education as a line of argumentation in their decision of choosing their area of housing. In addition, as the proposed vouchers are portable, these can be used in any public educational institution due which there will not be much difference of quality between city schools and suburban schools, therefore, people will not be essentially hard pushed to level the city, due to which we can say that the voucher system will have a positive effect on the proposition of resuscitating central

Film Analysis 500 Days Of Summer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Film Analysis 500 Days Of Summer - Essay Example Tom thought of love at first sight but Summer seems to have other ideas of her own regarding romantic relationships. They became more than just friends but the two did not get married as somehow their fates were different. â€Å"500 Days of Summer† is produced by Fox Searchlight Pictures in cooperation with Watermark and Dune Entertainment. Its production cost was budgeted at US$7.5 million but it grossed about US$32.0 million worldwide. It was released in August 2009 and nominated for Golden Globe awards for best film as a comedy or musical (IMDb 1). But it still won another award for the best original screenplay for its two screenwriters. The film shatters preconceived notions of what love is on how people think. People have preconceived notions of what love means for them. There are people who believe love at first sight is the true or real love but there are others who think otherwise, like Summer Finn. Many preconceived notions are hard to dispose of because these values and attitudes toward love have been embedded into their consciousness since childhood or due to family upbringing, growing-up environment, and learned behaviors from watching others. An example of preconceived notions is the current discussion on the so-called â€Å"chick flicks† or films featuring young middle-class women. â€Å"Chick† is the colloquial term to refer to a young woman (like a chick) who is carefree or with no worries whatsoever. Summer is the quintessential example of a â€Å"modern chick† who believes in love but not in any long-term relationships because she thinks relationships are messy and bound to hurt people. In the book authored by Professors Ferriss and Young, they contend the explosion of chick flicks today is a part of the growing chick cultural phenomenon that includes â€Å"chick literature and chick TV† series depicting young women who are mostly college-educated to be

Automobile and Martha Johnson Essay Example for Free

Automobile and Martha Johnson Essay Martha Johnson is a mid- class work family. Martha’s goals are buy a car, rent an apartment, stay home and be a full time student, go on vacation, or save the money. The money she has it is from her aunt. Her aunt passed away and left Martha money. I am writing this essay to recommend my option on how Martha Johnson should spend her money. The chose I am going to make is going to help her out how to spend her money. The first goal that Martha has in mind is to buy a car. The advantages is that she has a car that she can use to go to school and go to work. She can also use the car to take her mom to her doctor appointments. Also she can go to the store when she wants to buy something like food, or clothes she will go shopping. The disadvantages is that Martha will have to pay for gas and pay car insurance for the car she buys. She will need to buy a use car not a new car. Also she would need to repair the car if it has any problems with the car. The second goal is that Martha wants to rent an apartment to herself and share it with a roommate also she is going to be a full time student . The advantages is that Martha will have her own place and wont be living with her parents. She will also be close to school and she will be walking instead of driving to school. She will also will be able to finish her career early.

Faust :: essays papers

Faust This Book has many shady characters, only Gretchen is the one character you can feel sorry for, that is what makes this tragedy so horrifying yet gratifying .Her and Faust running around makes you happy, but you anticipate them to fall desperately into love with one another and finish their lives indulging with Mephisto. But this pure untainted soul is tricked into leaving behind the innocence of her youth and subsiding to the evil one for the promise of riches and a better life. So once again you have no one to root for, because although you understand Faust’s predicament he’s getting what he wanted. Next you really begin to hate Faust because once he has seen and had all that Gretchen has to offer his love becomes an infatuation spurred by his newly found youth. Then who are you left with; Gretchen a now pregnant charlatan desperately hoping her â€Å"lover† who has poisoned her mother and slain her brother will come save her from prison, and Mephisto th e Devil himself. The entire Gretchen Tragedy is there to invoke a feeling of temptation. A sort of â€Å"What if†, really what would you do if a good looking member of the opposite sex who has more money than anyone you have ever heard of approached you describing their love to you like a cheesy Julia Roberts movie. This proves the point that Mephisto made to God in Prologue in Heaven â€Å"If only it were grass he could repose in! There is no trash he will not poke his nose in.†(Prologue In Heaven p. 85). We must keep looking for better things, if Gretchen were to realize what a small price she was paying to sacrifice life on earth for life eternal in heaven. She was without sin until she allowed human nature to take over. Gretchen upon her entrance into the play is stereotypical of a peasant woman of that time; she works all day, lives with her parents, and hopes to one day marry above her class so her daughter will not have to endure as she has throughout her life. But, she begins a metamorphosis when she meets Faust. First, she finds jewels that she can’t begin to describe, so she gives them to her mother typical of the times.

Creative writing †The Meeting Essay

They were coming to get him, creeping through the undergrowth towards him. As they drew near he jumped up to run on, but tripped. He had been spotted. The savages drew in, their spears all pointing at him, moving around him as he stared up at them, chanting ‘Kill the pig. Cut his throat. Spill his blood.’ As the chanting got louder, and the spears nearer, he screamed. He woke up breathing heavily, covered in sweat, his hair adhering to his forehead. A nightmare. The same nightmare it always was. He was back on the island again. Except this time the officer hadn’t saved him, the savages had killed him. Ralph sat up haltingly and went to fetch a glass of water. He checked his watch, six forty-five in the morning. No point going back to bed now, his appointment was at seven thirty. He knew why the dream had come back this time. Today he was going to meet Jack Merridew for the first time in fifteen years. As they stood outside the door the psychiatrist quickly briefed Ralph before he entered. â€Å"Remember everything we’ve talked about. This is for you to sort out what happened. To sort out, if you can, why it happened. Let the anger out. Don’t let him intimidate you into not saying anything.† Ralph entered the room alone. Jack was already there silhouetted against the window. He turned and surveyed Ralph as he entered, holding out his hand in greeting. Ralph was tall and thin with fair hair. Jack was bigger and looked stronger, with brown hair and dark eyes. They shook hands confidently, and then Ralph stepped back and was opening his mouth to speak when Jack began. â€Å"We both know why we’re here, don’t we. You want answers and I’m to give them to you. So here you are. When we arrived on that island, I believed that I would be leader, that I would lead everyone, just as I had led the choir. Then you blew the conch, everyone was already there when we arrived and you were in control. I liked the look of you but I hated that you had found the conch, that you were always making the sensible suggestions. When you gave me the responsibility of looking after the fire and hunting I thought I’d show everyone that I could be just as powerful as you. Then I let the fire out. You and Piggy hated me for that. You lost your respect for me. So I had to gain it in another way, the beast. But the beast separated us even more. I then knew that there was no way I’d ever earn your respect so I tried to earn the respect of everyone else to show you that I could lead a tribe. I started my tribe and persuaded others to join me. Then to show you that we could live without you we invited you to our feast. Then the incident with Simon happened. You didn’t come back after that. I was in control, you and Piggy were on the other side of the island and we didn’t mention you. We had rocks ready in case you ever came, but we didn’t expect you to come. I thought that if you did you would be impressed with the idea of protection. But then you came. You came with the conch and tried to call a meeting, and I heard you talking to my tribe. Then Roger set off the rock that killed Piggy. That’s when I knew that you had to die. You confused everyone because you used to be their leader and they still respected you. So I organised the hunt. Anyone who wouldn’t hunt you would be hunted themselves. We hunted you all the way to the lagoon, I know that we would have killed you if that officer weren’t there. But luckily for you he was. I’m sorry we killed your friends but they had to die.† Throughout his speech Jack had stared out of the window, a dazed look in his eye, using his hands to emphasise what he was saying. But during that last sentence fire had returned to his eyes. He turned and Ralph was filled with a sudden terror. This was Jack as he remembered him, dark and murderous. â€Å"They had to die Ralph, and you had to die. You escaped then but finally you have returned to me. I agreed to this meeting so that I could finish off the episode on the island. You have to die now Ralph. You have to die.† As he finished speaking he advanced on Ralph, pulling a knife out of his pocket. A low chant emerged from his mouth. ‘Kill the beast. Cut his throat. Spill his blood.’ Ralph’s body slumped to the floor, blood oozing out of the mortal cut to his throat.

Guy Kawasaki Business Plan Example

Your Logo Name of your company Your Name Title Company Name Mailing address Email address Direct dial number Executive Summary The executive summary is the most important part of the business plan because if it doesn’t â€Å"wow† readers, they will stop—or at least â€Å"tune out†Ã¢â‚¬â€at this point. My suggested format is: * Paragraph 1: Explain what your company does in very simple but seductive terms. * Paragraph 2: Explain the â€Å"magic sauce† that your company has that provides a believable competitive advantage. * Paragraph 3: Explain your current status, milestones reached, and milestones soon to be achieved.Your plan is going to live or die, be read or be tossed, based on this section. It is 80% of what matters in a business plan. Note: You can read my blog post for more information. Problem/Opportunity The purpose of this section is to create an awareness that the problem you solve or opportunity you address is financially attractive. M ost entrepreneurs rely on consulting studies, but this is ineffective because everyone makes similar statements: â€Å"According to Jupiter, the market for avocado farming software will grow to $20 billion by 2015. †As a rule of thumb, the more citations you use, the less believable the opportunity. The better method is to catalyze fantasy so readers make their own market estimate. For example, if your product appeals to teenagers, you’d like the reader to be thinking, â€Å"My kids and all their friends would love this. The market will be huge. † Unfair Advantage This section has to answer the very simple question: â€Å"Why you? † In other words, what makes your company so special that you will succeed where others will fail? Each company can have a different answer to this question: * Leading-edge PhD research High visibility and powerful connections in the industry * Exclusive, perpetual intellectual property license I’ll also tell you what doe sn’t work: saying that you’re bright, energetic, hardworking people who really believe in what you’re doing. Entrepreneurship isn’t an elementary-school play where everyone gets positive feedback. In other words, think â€Å"Tiger entrepreneur† in the spirit of Amy Chua’s Tiger Mom. Frankly, you may not have an unfair advantage then what you should do is delay raising money and bootstrap your company until you can show that the â€Å"dogs are eating the food. If I had to pick the best unfair advantage, it would be that you’re already shipping, and customers are flocking to you. That cuts through all the bull shiitake. Sales and Marketing This section explains how you’re taking your product to market—particularly during the introduction phase. You must show an understanding of direct sales, channels, or freemium marketing to be credible. Also, you should make it obvious that the cost of acquisition of a customer is far l ess than the revenue you’ll reap from each customer. Specificity is everything here. Blowing smoke such as â€Å"we’ll use viral marketing† is an insult to the reader’s intelligence.Going viral is an outcome, not a strategy. A sophisticated reader will want to know your tactics at the ground-level—not a 50,000 foot view. So imagine yourself in the marketplace. You’ve got a knife in your teeth. How are you going to capture the market? Competition There are two goals for this section. First, to provide an overview of what competition your company faces. Readers truly want to know what you will be up against. Second, to build credibility by showing that you are aware of all the major competitors and understand how to do battle with them.Many entrepreneurs screw up this section by claiming there is no competition. Anyone whose money you’d want will conclude one of two things if you do this: you don’t know how to use a search engine or you’re going after a market that doesn’t exist. The best case for this section is that you create a chart that shows what you can do and your competition can’t and what you can’t do and your competition can. Finish off by showing tactical ways to defeat the competition. Business Model Explain exactly how you’re going to make money in this section. Will you be selling licenses? Boxes? Virtual goods?Advertising? There are a limited number of options here, and I wouldn’t try to invent a brand-new business model. You may not know how you will generate revenue. That’s okay. Take your best shot based on your marketing and sales strategy and what other successful companies have done. I would not, however, list a bunch of potential business models. Then it looks like you’re clueless and barfing out possibilities. Here’s a power tip: Ask women what they think of your business model. Women are much better judges of business mo dels than men because they are much better bull-shiitake detectors.Forecast In a few days, I’ll provide an Excel model that helps you create a five-year financial forecast for this section. You can find the Excel model in the same folder as this outline on my SkyDrive, or search for the post on my blog http://blog. guykawasaki. com. But the gist of this section of your business plan is to tell your story with numbers. The elements of this story include the opportunity, required resources, and checkpoints. Honestly, no one is going to believe your numbers, and this is okay because it’s true of all pitches.What you need to communicate is an overall picture of the economics of your business, the trends in the market segment, and an understanding of your business. Team This is the infamous team section of the business plan. It’s the section that entrepreneurs think make or break the plan. Many experts would disagree with me, but it’s not the most important pa rt of the business-plan document. The Executive Summary is because if it’s not great, readers will not care, or perhaps even get to, the team section. Frankly, most team sections are weak—almost by definition.You are, after all, a young company seeking funding. If you truly had a proven team, you wouldn’t be seeking funding because you’d be using your own money or you could call up investors in prior companies who would fall all over themselves to fund you. So what you want to do is to have catalyzed fantasy with your PowerPoint, demo, and previous sections of the business plan to such a degree that the reader is thinking, â€Å"This is such a great idea that we can help build the team,† as opposed to â€Å"This is such a great team that surely they can do something great. †Then this section should demonstrate that you have at least two people who are dedicating their lives to making the company a success and that they have relevant experien ce. You and your co-founder are probably not famous, but hopefully you’ve worked for companies that the reader has heard of. You heard it here first: well-known corporate logos are a proxy for a good team. If not corporate logos, then college logos will suffice. If you can furnish neither, then we’re back to the best testimony of all: you are already shipping, and the dogs are eating the food.Have you noticed that I constantly come back to this? Real customers are the best â€Å"proof† of viability. Status and Milestones The purpose of this section is to â€Å"tie a bow on the present. † Another metaphor is that this section of the plan is the vanilla ice cream that goes on top of the warm apple pie. Reiterate all the progress you’ve made â€Å"without any outside funding,† how the customers are eating your stuff up, and how the trend is your friend.

18 Irresistible Types of Travel Writing - Freewrite Store

18 Irresistible Types of Travel Writing - Freewrite Store Photo by  Josh Nezon  on  Unsplash Today’s guest post is by  Corinne Lincoln-Pinheiro.   Corinne is a journalist with experience as a freelance legal digital reporter, military journalist, city junior newspaper editor and health blogger. She is a military spouse blogger and also writes about military-family travel.  Corinne is also a  published creative nonfiction writer and poet.    Finally, you’re ready to take the plunge into the travel writing sphere. Now what? What types of travel writing are right for you? Well, whether you’re a novice or seasoned writer searching for something new, there are multiple avenues from which to turn an aspiration into a part-time gig or full-time career. Modern travel writing appears in many forums, from travel blogs and websites, in-flight travel magazines, trade magazines, newspapers, free periodicals, books and more. But before all that comes the decision as to which one(s) suits you best. The Travel Writer’s Guide Of course, deciding on what’s a good fit depends on your interests and expertise. Because many travel writing categories overlap and have similar templates and requirements, you can do more than one type of writing simultaneously. You should ask yourself: how much time do I want to devote to research, how many articles can I produce a week, and how far am I willing to travel and how often? Am I drawn to travel journalism? Whether this venture is a stepping stone to something else, supplement income, or a new career altogether, travel writing is competitive and writers are typically poorly compensated. The best travel writers are unique and bring a fresh perspective. Being able to pitch great ideas, following through, and having something interesting to say is indispensable. Whatever you do, be authentic, candid, and creative in your approach. I once pitched a two-week travel extravaganza (from Forks, Washington State to Eugene, Oregon), and wrote more than 20 pieces about (sometimes little known) attractions along the West Coast. The travel series on gems near Highway 101, ran both online and in print.   Creativity is one thing but you must have your readers’ interest at heart. After an all-expenses-paid trip to the South, I didn’t give outstanding reviews to all of the attractions (unlike the travel bloggers in attendance). But my audience- primarily military families, often had to take vacations on a budget, if they took one at all, and they appreciated the advice about attractions that weren’t worth the price. This guide will provide a brief overview of 18 types of travel writing options to help you narrow down which one(s) you’d like to pursue. Types of Travel Writing: 1. Weekend Warrior2. Content and Social Media Marketing3. Roundups and "Best of" Lists4. Holidays and Special Events5. Side Trips6. Destination Pieces7. Travel and Lifestyle Blogging8. How-To Travel Guides9. Advice Articles10. Travel Itineraries11. Food and Travel12. Guidebooks13. Travel Humor14. Personal Travel Essays15. Travel Memoirs16. Travel Modes17. News Travel18. Travel Op-Eds 1. Weekend Warrior Are you one of those people who gravitate toward articles about the perfect day trip? Local or regional attractions are great for this type of piece. This is a mashup of a few ways to travel write- it can be an outdoor expedition, recreational indoor activity, weekend getaway, or a combination. It may focus on a fishing trip, bike or hiking trails, scenic road trips, or indoor rock climbing for example. It’s a destination piece with an element of adventure that gives the reader a glimpse of what they could be doing this weekend. Travel writers should know the market, the publication and their vocabulary. Consider if the piece will be family-oriented, what are some interesting things to do outside of the must-see attractions, how to get the most out of the day or weekend, along with descriptions of the scenery and facts about the activity. Whether it's water sports, glamping or packaged adventures, if you live it, why not write about it? This can also be a version of roundups (see below) and may include additional specifics on a destination’s happy-hours specials, shopping, food, drink, the arts, and nightlife. Photo by Corinne Lincoln-Pinheiro 2. Content and Social Media Marketing Travel companies sometimes hire freelance content and social media writers to promote their product and services via blog posts, video clips, and articles. You’ll need to write quickly, vary the tone for targeted audiences and engage with followers and update posts. If you favor succinct tweets, Instagram blasts and Facebook blurbs, you’ll like this option. Side note: As a travel writer, you should have a social media presence anyway. While you’re traveling, you can upload videos and pictures to promote the attractions and things to do at the destination. Also, during complimentary travel, businesses like the fact that you’re able to â€Å"bring along your followers to visit† their destinations and spread the word instantly. Finally, most companies have social media pages and as more people turn to them for ideas, travel content and social media writers are in demand, especially if you employ SEO practices. There are even content marketing companies that hire travel writers specifically to research and write content for other businesses. 3. Roundups and "Best of" Lists Very popular these days, roundups are bullet-point lists that collect information on different destinations with a common theme, like the â€Å"10 Best BB’s in San Francisco.† It isn’t too in-depth and because it’s brief, the catch is finding ways to spice up descriptions and avoid clichà ©s. The introductory paragraph setups the common thread/angle and bullet points justify why the destination made the list. Roundups should be accurate and well-researched to produce quality pieces (even better is visiting the destinations and providing original content). If your roundups are in the same region (like the BBs in San Francisco) before you visit you can request complimentary accommodations. Better yet, contact local tourism agencies and they’ll help set up tours, press passes, create your itinerary and provide tour guides, on occasion. Roundups get a lot of online views and are easily scan for pertinent information (it helps build your portfolio, too). 4. Holidays and Special Events A travel story  involving holidays and special events such as New Year’s or Germany’s Oktoberfest should be pitched and planned well in advance. If you’re new to travel writing, you can start with local festivals and fairs. One lesson I learned early on as a journalist who also covered travel writing- these events can produce multiple pieces and can be a treasure-trove for new leads. For example, the first piece can be a 200-word announcement of the event. Closer to the occasion, an interview with an event official about last year’s successes and what to expect this year serves as a reminder. As you cover the event, talk to everyone. If you do  multiple  types of travel  stories your next lead or resource could be around the corner. Photo by  Corinne Lincoln-Pinheiro 5. Side Trips A side trip is a â€Å"side-step† on the way to or from (or nearby) a major destination. It focuses on another city or lesser known location or attraction. Magazines usually plan for and arrange side trips to complement the issue’s featured travel article. Pitching these ideas early on can help them plan around the issue. Side pieces detail how to get there, attractions details such as hours of operation, so readers can know what to expect when visiting. Side trips are usually day-trips and travel writers maximize the benefits by also using these destinations (or information from them) in roundups or even weekend warrior angles.   6. Destinations Pieces Destination pieces that are feature articles are usually very in-depth. It finds the right angle to draw the reader into the painting the travel writer creates and entices them to visit. Features can be seasonal but should always be relevant. Often, editors assign these to established writers or those they have a working history and familiarity with. Well organized pieces seamlessly integrate facts, anecdotes, historical information, encounters, storylines, and the â€Å"Five W’s† of who, what, when, where, and why (and sometimes how). The challenge remains, as with all popular attractions, finding a fresh way to retell something many others have done before.   It’s usually told in the first person and the voice is more of a delivery tool than the focus. Great travel writers avoid meaningless descriptions and write compelling articles that make the reader hungry for the next detail. Destinations can also highlight overlooked attractions and little-known gems. 7. Travel and Lifestyle Blogging Travel blogging allows writers to set the tone and pace because there are no editors or deadlines or templates, just you and your readers. You can also be a guest contributor or invite guest bloggers to increase visibility. As for lifestyle blogging, it’s great for multiple ways of travel writing because you set the terms, here as well. However, it’s very competitive so the key is to build trust and rapport and be a credible resource for readers. You can write longform posts, roundups, destinations, weekend warriors angles and itineraries, you name it. Itineraries can take the form of where to eat, stay, and play, whereas longform posts are more narrative in nature with characters and vivid details. Bloggers keep the reader’s attention by being witty, creative and engaging, even intimate; they are active (in life and online), giving readers repeated reasons to return. 8. How-To Guides The how-to travel piece imparts invaluable advice and information, making travel writers a tour guide of sorts. You can help solve readers’ travel problems before they occur, and this alone will generate more shares if it's relatable and reliable. A how-to can focus on just one aspect of travel like how to get around complex international airports for example. â€Å"How-to† travel advice is a frequently googled topic, such as, â€Å"How to travel on a budget.† Travel writers should be comfortable conducting thorough research and have knowledge of the destination, where applicable. Great how-to articles are honest and trustworthy and teach readers essential tips beyond what the attraction entails. 9. Travel Advice Articles A how-to article can easily turn into an advice piece which discusses, for example, mishaps that can happen on a trip.   Advice on overcoming language barriers, what to do if you have to deal with law enforcement, foods to avoid, what to do if you lose your luggage, scams, where to get discounts and bargains, what to do if you miss your flight or if you become lost, all of these are advice a reader may not know they need. Whatever you recommend, it must be well-researched and interviews with credible experts help reinforce the advice given. Editors often assign these pieces to staff writers and not freelancers. How-to and advice travel articles can be in-depth standalone pieces, but often this information is incorporated in other pieces such as destination articles. Readers appreciate the one-stop â€Å"shopping,† especially if the advice is destination-specific and integral to the region. Many see this type of advice as essential to any travel piece. 10. Travel Itineraries Itineraries are city-by-city, region, destination, or sight-by-sight recount of all the details from planning to returning home, so the traveler can use it as a stencil. There are recommendations on where to visit and how to maximize time and save money. It goes into greater detail about the challenges of visiting a specific location, drive times and routes, weather and road conditions, crowds and busy times, and what clothing and gear to pack. Itineraries can be first-person accounts, relaying door-to-door experiences with a narrative thread that runs throughout. 11. Food and Travel This is a prized gig for foodies- exploring diverse cuisines, cultures, and dishes, all the while visiting interesting places. This is a staple in the travel writing industry because there are evergreen opportunities to explore. If you have a genuine interest in food and basic cooking knowledge, this dream job can lead to interesting discoveries, making for well-rounded pieces. Food and travel articles are not reviews and are more than just why a meal is great or where it falls short or the restaurant’s location. It’s the presentation, the ambiance, the way this dish makes you feel, the amazing hole-in-the-wall gems. You get to write about: how in some places food is passed on as an inheritance; how it can be the marking of a culture and its people; how it intersects with history and traditions and is a celebration of living.   Photo by  Corinne Lincoln-Pinheiro 12. Travel Guidebooks If you’re more of a straight-forward kind of writer, then this might be a better fit for you. Its factual, practical, and linear. It can be part-time or full-time employment but if constant travel isn’t appealing, you can be a local or regional writer.   Guidebooks cover a wide variety of subjects and are heavy on descriptions, and to stay current must have up-to-date listings. Many set boundaries and divide the guide into sights to see. Don’t rely on internet research alone, it’s best to see the place because knowledge of your destination is paramount, along with a good understanding of maps. Guidebooks may include quality beaches, five-diamond lodging and independent hotels, museums, history, architecture and local traditions. However, work can monotonous.   13. Travel Humor Do you have a knack for writing humorous stories? This can be a niche in and of itself in travel writing, and humor is sought after and well received by editors. It requires a clear voice, firsthand experiences, a storyline that engages, and sticking to an angle (and in a refreshing way). It builds rapport with readers, especially if the joke is at your expense. The downside is the risk of insulting someone, unintentionally singling out a group of people or being culturally insensitive, using offensive language, or accidentally letting your prejudices creep into your writing, or worse, using your wit as a weapon. Many travel writers stick to universal misadventures, misassumptions, misunderstandings, and tongue-in-cheek humor. But finding that delicate balance in tone, and keeping humor relevant, light-hearted enough, inclusive, and tolerant is no short order. 14. Personal Travel Essays A well-written, insightful personal travel essay is every editor’s dream, but it’s not always in demand or easy to write. A distinct voice, great backstory, a universal theme and/or lesson, the ability to tell a travel-related story imbued with metaphors and comparisons that reaches the reader, are all part of great travel personal essays. Switching between views- from wide to medium to close-level lenses, add depth, as well. Personal travel essays are more like a journey of discovery as the piece matures; its rich in perspective and a balanced travel narrative. The travel aspect shouldn’t hide inside your personal essay, your purpose should live amongst its storyline. Places can often invoke revelations that arise through reflection, writers learn about themselves, explore emotional issues, and make hidden connections. 15. Travel Memoirs Travel memoirs are even harder to write and many never make it to publication, especially if it reads like a diary entry. They aren’t autobiographical as traditional creative-nonfiction memoirs but like a personal essay, it has to be well-written, possesses a strong voice and point of view, something exceptional to say, even a metaphorical journey. Time and place, scenery, culture, and a distinctive narrative create a window into your experience. Knowing the targeted audience, developing fully-realized characters and storylines, and remaining focused (not every mishap should make it into your memoir), are the marking of a successful travel memoir. Finally, as with any book, know your publishing options, find an editor who is willing to work with you (even secure an agent), ask for help if you need it, walk away from time to time, and don’t doubt your abilities. Most of all start writing today, you have nothing to lose. At the very least it can be one or more exceptional personal travel essay. Or you can self-publish an eBook which you can use to market your writing skills. Photo by  Corinne Lincoln-Pinheiro 16. Travel Modes The travel modes  focus isn’t destinations but the form of transportation i.e. how you get there and the voyage itself. Transportation modes include vintage trains, railroads, ships, and automobiles. Not a how-to or advice piece, it can overlap in some ways but the central theme is the discoveries along the way, the way it makes the author feel, and other nostalgic and historical angles. Facts, a vivid narrative, (and photos even), elevate these expedition pieces.   17. News Travel Writing about places that made the new cycle either because of war, civil unrest or terrorism can become popular after the chaos is over. Places like Egypt and Israel, with its rich biblical history, monuments, and locations like Mt. Sinai and the Red Sea, are of interest to many a reader and traveler, alike.   This is a tricky mixture because though tourism is alive in these places, civil and economic disturbances (afterward) affect interest levels and thus publication opportunities. (Though there are readers who enjoy learning about such places, even if they have no intention of visiting.) Another intersection with travel writing and the news is if to travel to destinations that experience natural disasters. The occurrence of tsunamis, hurricanes, and earthquakes, can open the way for a how-to about keeping safe and what to do in case it happens while on vacation. Discounts, bargains and cheap travel packages to nearby locations (where tourism may also suffer) make for travel articles, as well.   18. Travel Op-Eds Op-ed pieces are not as commonplace as other travel writing mediums. However, these travel writers are intimately familiar with each publication’s tone, style, and platform, and check (and adhere to) submission details and deadlines. Again, being original and persuasive, having a clear decisive voice, something valuable to share, and an angle increases publication opportunities.    There you have it, 18 ways to get started as a travel writer. Do you have experience with travel writing? We'd love to hear your story in the comments!      Corinne has freelanced as a legal digital reporter for ICS and ten of their national publications. She has served as a military journalist, travel writer, and photographer for Swarner Publications and their newspapers on Joint Base Lewis-McChord (JBLM), including The Ranger, the Northwest Veteran (NW), the Northwest Airlifter, and their two online magazines, JBLM Spouses and JBLM Singles. At Fort Hood, she  was a  reporter and health blogger for the Killeen Daily Herald and a  junior editor for its former local paper, the Copperas Cove Herald. As a former military spouse, she’s written for Military.com and its subsidiary site, SpouseBuzz. She has published essays and poems and has a Master’s degree in Creative Nonfiction from Vermont College of Fine Arts, and a Bachelor’s degree in English from Pacific Lutheran University.  Corinne also has a background in Human Resources.

Theodore Roosevelt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Theodore Roosevelt - Essay Example At an early stage of his life, he had fought many wars (World War I & II), which he had received several recognitions and military honors/decorations (i.e. Distinguished Service Medal, Service Cross, etc.), particularly the Congressional Medal of Honor. As a good political leader, Roosevelt Jr. was assigned to several big responsibilities, particularly as Governor-General of the U.S. acquired territories such as Puerto Rico (1929-1932) and the Philippines (1932-1933). Being the Governor-General of the Philippines was a big challenge to his political career and leadership because the island was uncivilized; there were strong revolutionary insurgents, and the great depression. However, having a big heart or the passion to help the uncivilized or the little one, he managed to inflict good government, which was positively accepted by the Filipinos. Although he stayed in the country for a short period of time, he was viewed by many Filipinos as an extraordinary kind of Governor in terms of his attitudes and dealings compared to his predecessors. In fact, he â€Å"does not mind being bitten by jungle mosquitoes, who can fall into wild Carabao barrows and like it, who can drink Igorot wine and lick his chops, who can be really human with out losing his grin† (Collier and Horowitz 332). This positive and friendly attitude of Roosevelt Jr. had gained him the respect of the Filipino people and acceptance of the American governance in the island. Moreover, he was able to repair the Filipino-American friendship, which was lost when Gen. Leonard Wood and William Cameron Forbes declined to accept that the Philippines was ready to self-rule (Rebecca Ongsotto and Reena Ongsotto 176). The Philippines was fortunate to have Roosevelt Jr. because he â€Å"deeply sympathized with the cause of the poor and advocated the improvement of the welfare of the masses† through the inauguration of the first community assembly (Cabag 19). Through these community assemblies, social

Nanotechnology and microfabrication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nanotechnology and microfabrication - Essay Example Due to carbon’s wide applications, it is not surprising that it is also a key component in the rising field of nanotechnology. Beside its natural occurrence in the form of graphite and diamond, carbon exists in the nanostructured forms of fullerenes or buckyballs and in carbon nanotubes. The beauty of carbon nanotubes formed by carbon atoms is that they are twofold stronger than steel but weigh six times less. Carbon nanotubes are allotropes of carbon that have been first constructed by S. Iijima in 1991. These are significantly extended thin cylinders and large macromolecules of carbon with unique features in their shape, size and physical properties as well as having the highest ratio up to 28,000,000 between length and diameter (Zheng, 2004). This is larger than any other material in the world. They can be envisioned by taking a mass of graphite into consideration that is rolled into a cylinder shown as Appendix-I figure (i) on page 6. These fascinating structures have flashed world wide great excitement and appraisal during last few years. Currently a huge amount of money is being spent on these carbon nanotubes to improve the understanding of their properties. Still its physical characteristics are being discovered and controversial results are being obtained. The development and research on synthesis methods is considered as a vital step to the future outlook of carbon nanotechnolog y. The structure of a carbon nanotube can be envisioned by taking a mass of graphite into consideration that is rolled into a cylinder as shown in figure (i) on page 6. Nanotubes, on the basis of the direction of hexagons, are classified as zigzag, armchair or chiral and are shown as Appendix-I figure (ii) on page 6. There are two types of carbon nanotube i.e. single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) and multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT). Generally SWNT are composed of a diameter close to1 nanometer while the tube length that can have a length millions of times longer and are excellent